最佳学习技巧（双语）

    与人们通常使用划重点、重读相反，那些最好的、有最多论证支持学习的策略，出了心理学实验室反而就没什么人知道了。比如说，分散式学习。这种学习策略方法是把学习的时间分散开来，而不是像那样跑马拉松一样地一次性完成学习。

    In contrast to familiar practices like highlighting and rereading, the learning strategies with the most evidence to support them aren’t well known outside the psych lab. Take distributed practice, for example. This tactic involves spreading out your study sessions, rather than engaging in one marathon.

    在最后一分钟把信息塞进脑子里，有可能可以帮助你顺利通过考试或者会议，但是这些信息会很快从记忆中消失。在不同的时间段深入研究学习材料是更有效的学习方法。另外，无论是两周也好两年也好，如果希望能把这些信息记得越久，就越需要延长分散式学习的时间间隔。

    Cramming information at the last minute may allow you to get through that test or meeting, but the material will quickly disappear from memory. It’s much more effective to dip into the material at intervals over time. And the longer you want to remember the information, whether it’s two weeks or two years, the longer the intervals should be.

    报告作者们强烈推荐的第二种学习策略是实际测试。没错，要做更多测试，但是不是那种为了获得成绩而进行的测试。研究表明，单单是回忆脑海中的信息这一过程就能强化知识，并且在未来重拾知识时派上用场。

    The second learning strategy that is highly recommended by the report’s authors is practice testing. Yes, more tests - but these are not for a grade. Research shows that the mere act of calling information to mind strengthens that knowledge and aids in future retrieval.

    尽管有大量证据支持，但是实际测试并不是常用的学习策略。不过，有一种熟悉的学习方法带来的益处和实际测试相近：使用记忆卡片。而且现在记忆卡片可以变得数字化了。分散式学习和实际测试都被作者们评为“高实用性”的学习技巧。

    While practice testing is not a common strategy - despite the robust evidence supporting it - there is one familiar approach that captures its benefits: using flash cards. And now flash cards can be presented in digital form. Both spaced-out learning, or distributed practice, and practice tests were rated as having “high utility” by the authors.